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Erzurum Ulu Mosque was built by Saltuk Emir Nasreddin Aslan Mehmet in 1179. It is also called "Atabey Mosque" because of the name "Atabey" of the Saltuks. There are 40 columns in total inside the mosque. There is an altarpiece on both sides of the first door in the east, and the repair inscription made in 1860 is also located here. The mihrab wall in the first construction of the mosque was covered with a large pendentive dome resting on slightly pointed arches. This dome, called "Swallow Dome", built in the form of a thrust, is thought to belong to the first state of the building.
The history of Erzurum Castle dates back to about 2,500 years ago, to the Urartians, who dominated the region. The first version of the inner castle, which still exists today, was built by the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius in 415. Erzurum Castle consists of the inner castle, where the guard soldiers are located, and the outer castle, which includes the streets, streets and neighborhoods where the people reside. There is a brick bath and rooms in the courtyard of the inner castle. During the Ottoman Empire, the Citadel Masjid was built next to the northern wall of the citadel. Kırklar Tomb, Ebu İshak-ı Kâzerûnî Tomb and Ali Ağa Fountain were added to these structures. The castle, which was repaired in various periods, was lastly built by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century and II in the 19th century. It was repaired twice by Mahmut.
Yakutiye Madrasa was built by Hoca Yakut Gazani in 1310 on behalf of Gazan Han and Bolugan Hatun during the reign of Ilkhanid ruler Sultan Olcayto. Yakutiye Madrasa, the largest of the closed courtyard madrasas in Anatolia, is one of the most spectacular buildings in Erzurum with its plan, balanced architecture and large motifs. The tree of life, consisting of date palm leaves, two leopards and eagle figures coming out of an openwork globe, brings together the important symbols of the Central Asian Turks. The madrasa, which was restored in 1995, is now used as the Museum of Turkish-Islamic Works and Ethnography.
Üç Kümbetler is among the most beautiful examples of mausoleums found in Anatolia. It is thought that the largest of the three cupolas belonged to Emir Saltuk and was built at the end of the 12th century. While it is not known who the other cupolas belong to, it is estimated that they were built in the 14th century. There are different opinions about what the small square-shaped structure next to the cupolas is. It is stated that this is a cupola or a mosque.
It was built in 1561 by Rüstem Pasha, the grand vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent. This is the place where all kinds of needs of passengers are supplied day and night. In the Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai, an almshouse, a prayer room, a resting place, grocer shops, sections where camels, donkeys, oxen, buffaloes and horses were tied were built. However, some of them have not survived. Today, the caravanserai serves as the manufacturing and selling place of oltu stone tradesmen. Dozens of souvenirs made of oltu stone, especially rosaries, rings, necklaces, are sold here.
